Method of conditioning and permanently waving hair



Nov. 14, 1933. w. w. WHITE 1,935,002

METHOD OF CONDITIONING AND PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR Filed April 25, 1932 Patented Nov. 14, 1933 UNITED STATES 'iuarnon OF CONDITIONING AND PERMA- NENTLY WAVING William w. White, Des Moines, Iowa Application April 25, 1932. Serial No. 607,324

9 Claims. (01.132-36) The object of my invention is to provide improvements in the methods of permanently waving hair wherein the hair may be successfully conditioned and waved in such manner that the 2 3' hair is not burned, and wherein the natural oils of the hair are retained to leave the hair soft, vital and lustrous.

A further object is toprovide an improved method wherein the waving and conditioning of the hair may be rapidly carried out without burninlu' discomfort to the patron.

Further this invention relates .to improvements in those methods of permanently waving hair wherein oil such as olive oil is used in curling the hair, and wherein the oil is heated to a comparatively high temperature before or'after it is applied to the hair, for best results, to a temperature above 400 F. Heating-olive oil and certain other highly volatile oils to such a temperature causes partial disintegration of the oils and chemical changes take place, giving off a disagreeable and obnoxious odor to such an extent that their use has been more or less undesirable.

I find, however, that whencertain low volatile oils, such as cotton seed oil or castor oil are mixed or compounded with a highly volatile oil, such as olive oil or clinging curling agents, such as ammonia or borax, while cold, and before applying, disagreeable odors of one or more of the ingredients may be neutralized by odors of other ingredients, as the mixture or compound is heated to the desired temperature, preventing chemical disintegration and disagreeable odors. Perfume such as oil of geranium may be added to give an agreeable predominating odor. The proportions of the oil, deodorants, liquidcurling agents and perfumes may be varied considerably depending upon the texture of the hair and working temperature of the compound or mixture.

'1 preferably apply cold oil to the coils of hair and then heat the oil and hair by means of an especially preheated applicator, said applicator being preferably constructed of heavy metal wherein a comparatively large amount of' heat may be conveyed to the coil of hair, a separate applicator being provided for each coil.

It will readily be seen that the best results may be obtained only by uniformly heating all of the applicators to a predetermined temperature. This I have accomplished best by placing all of the applicators to be used in a bath of low volatile oil such as cotton seed oil, then raising the temperature of the oil to 400 'or 450 F. The temperature of the oil is easily ascertained by an ordinary thermometer, and thereby provides simtemperature.

ple means for uniformly heating all of the applicators and for determining the temperature of the same.

I also find in those methods of permanently waving hair wherein the hair is wound on metallic spools that a large percent of the heat applied to the hair is consumed by the spool, so that it is difiicult to maintain the proper temperature of the inner coils of hair. These spools are usually constructed of light metallic material such as aluminum which is a good conductor of heat.

This difficulty may be largely overcome by forming the spools of any material having low heat conducting properties such as bakelite or by constructing the spools of hollo w metal having very thin walls.

I will now describe my improved method:

In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated diagrammatically apparatus particularly adaptedto carry out my improved method of permanently waving and conditioning hair in which:

Figure 1 illustrates a container in which the oil bath and applicators are heated.

Figure 2 illustrates a container in which is employed the curling mixture and the pads for conveying the mixture to the hair.

Figure 3 illustrates the manner in which the excess mixture is removed from the pad immediately upon the removal of the pad from the container.

Figure 4 illustrates a spool formed of bakelite or other non-heat conducting material.

Figure 5 illustrates a spool formed of hollow thin sheet metal such as might be employed to carry out my improved method.

Figure 6 illustrates the manner in which the hair is wound on the spool before treated with the curling mixture.

Figure 7 illustrates the curling mixture or com- 1pound conveying pad as applied to the coil of Figure 8 illustrates the heat applicator and the manner in which it is applied to the saturated pad of curling mixture.

My improvement consists in providing a container 10 for supporting oil or other fluid 11, which may be heated to a comparatively high The container is preferably provided with a cover 12. The container 10 may be heated either electrically or over. an open flame.

I have also provided a second container 13 for receiving the curling mixture 14, which preferably comprises olive oil and a deodorant such as cotton seed oil, castor oil, oil of geranium, or oil of rue, to which a small percent of perfume is mentioned be mixed together, olive oil may be.

used with any of the oils mentioned in proper proportion to act as a deodorant tor the olive oil, the proportion of which may be varied depending on the temperature to which the oil is heated and the grade or oil used.

Suitable spools 15 upon which the hair is wound are provided, said spools being preferably formed of non-heat conducting material such as bakelite, as illustrated in Figure 4, or may be formed of hollow thin aluminum, such as illustrated in sec-'- tionin Figure 5. The spools are retained in suitable supports or clamps 16 which are or ordinary construction.

I have also provided a series or heat applicators 17, one for each 01 the spools, each of said applicators being formed of a'conducting material such as aluminum having pivoted members 18 curved to fit the contour of the outer surfaces of the cells, or the pads applied thereto. The said applicators are provided with suitable handles 19 formed of heat insulating material such as bakelite. g

A series of pads 20 are also provided of tubular formation, split at one side, the pads being formed of an absorbent fibrous material such as ielt, or flat pads 21 may be used in place of the tubular pads and then bent or curved to fit the outer surface of the coil of hair. A large pad 22, which may be held in the operators hand for removing excess curling compound from the pads 20 or 21, is also provided.

My improved method consists in first blocking the hair in the usual manner and placing the blocked hair in the clamps 16, suitable fibrous pads being placed between the clamps 16 and the patron's head. The blocked hair is then dampened with an alkaline solution in the usual manner, and then wound on the spools 15. The hair is wound tight enough to make a firm coil without stretching.

The desired number of clamps 18 is then placed in the bath 11 and the temperature or said bath being raised to 400 or 450 F.

After the hair has been blocked and wound and the temperature of the bath 11 has been raised to the desired amount, the pads 20 are then placed in thecurling mixture 14. After the pads have been thoroughly saturated, they are removed with one hand, by the operator, and

placed on the pad 22 held in the other hand, to

remove excess compound, and to prevent-the possibility of the compound dripping on the patron.

The pad is then placed in position on the coil of hair 23, as illustrated in Figure '7. One of the heat applicators is then removed from the container 10 and clamped in position over the pad 20, in the manner illustrated in Figure 8, and allowed to remain in said position for a period of six to ten minutes.

The applicators provide means for heating the oil and hair to the desired temperature, the applicators being allowed to remain on the hair until they have cooled, which requires from six to ten minutes. The applicators are then removed and,

the hair unwound, shampooed and finger waved it so desired.

Thus it will be seen that I have provided an improved method wherein the disadvantages of the above mentioned methods have been overcome, and which may be easily and quickly carried out with little inconvenience to the patron, and in which all of the benefits of heated highly volatile oils may be obtained without the disagreeable odor experienced in methods here tore practiced.

I claim as my invention:

1. The method of conditioning and permanently waving hair, consisting of applying a softening solution to the hair, coiling the hair while wet, applying cold compound to the hair, and applying to the coiled hair an applicator previously heated in a hot fluid bath, allowing the applicator to remain for a short time to heat the oil and solution, and then removing the applicator, unwrapping the hair and shampooing.

2. The method of conditioning and permanently waving hair, consisting in applying a softening solution to the hair, coiling the hair while wet, saturating a fibrous casing in cold oil, removing the excess oil from said casing, then applying said casing around the coil of hair, then applying a previously heated applicator to said casing, allowing the applicator to remain for a short time to heat the oil and solution, then removing the applicator, unwrapping the hair and sham- P ing.

3. The method of conditioning and permanen ly waving hair, consisting in providing two contamers and placing in one of said containers a low volatile oil and in the other container one or more curling oils, placing within the first container a series of applicators, then applying heat to the first container to increase the temperature of the oil and applicators to 400 F. or more, then placing within thesecond container a series of fibrous pads or casings, then blocking the hair and moistening it with a softening solution, then coiling the hair on a form formed of material having low heat conducting properties, then removing one of the casings from the second containeigthen removing excess oil from said casing, then placing the casing on said coiled hair, then removing one of the applicators from the first 116 container and applying itto said casing to cause the hair and oil tobe heated, then removing the applicator, unwinding the hair and shampooing.

4. The method of conditioning and permanently waving hair, consisting in applying a softening solution to the hair, coiling the hair while wet, saturating a fibrous casing in a curling solution, removing excess curling solution from said casing, by placing the casing in contact with a previously provided fibrous pad, and then applying said casing around the coil of hair, and applying heat to said casing.

5. The method of conditioning and permanently waving hair consisting in app y a softening solution to the hair, coiling the hair while wet, saturating a fibrous casing in a curling solution, removing the excess solution from said casing, and then applying the casing around the coil of hair, then applying a preheated applicator having sensible heat of such amount as to heat the 135 solution and hair sufficiently after it has been applied to complete the desired conditioning and waving oi the hair. 1

6. The method of conditioning and permanently waving hair consisting in applying a softening 140 solution to the hair, coiling the hair while wet, saturating a fibrous casing in a curling solution, then applying the casing around the coil of hair, applying a preheated applicator having sensible heat of such an amount as to heat the solution and hair sufiiciently after it has been applied to complete the desired conditioning and waving of the hair.

7. The method of conditioning and permanently waving hair consisting in applying a soften- 1,ess,oo2

ing solution to the hair, coiling the hair while wet, applying a curling solution to said hair, then applying a preheated applicator to the hair having sensible heat of such an amount as to heat the solution and hair sufllciently after it has been applied to complete the desired conditioning and waving ot-the hair.

8.. The method oi conditioning and permanently waving hair, consisting in blocking the hair in a series of blocks, applying a softening solution to each of the blocks of hair, coiling each of theblocks in a separate coil, applying curling compound to each of the coils, applying to each of the coils of hair in a successive manner a previously heated applicator, allowing the applicators to remain for a short time to heat the compound and solution, and then removing the applicators and unwrapping the hair and shampooing.

9. The method ofconditioning and-permanent- 1y waving hair, consisting in blocking the hair in a series of blocks, applying a softening solution to each of the blocks of hair, coiling each oi. the blocks in a separate coil, applying curling compound to each of the coils, applying to each of the coils of hair in a successive manner an applicator previously heated in a hot fluid bath to a temperature above 400 F., allowing the applicators to remain for a short time to heat the compound and solution, then removing the applicators and unwrapping and shampooing the hair.

WILLIAM w. WHIT Ef 

